Throughout history, Jewish communities have lived with an unspoken understanding: always have a plan B. For nearly two millennia, this meant maintaining the ability to leave when social winds shifted, when tolerance turned to persecution. From medieval expulsions to Eastern European pogroms, from the Holocaust to postwar displacement, Jewish survival often depended on mobility and the painful wisdom of knowing when to go.
Today, as antisemitism rises again across Western democracies—from New York streets to European universities—Jewish communities face familiar anxieties. Yet something fundamental has changed: For the first time in two millennia, there exists a state where Jews are not guests but citizens, not minorities but the majority.
Jewish immigration has often followed the contours of persecution and opportunity. The 1492 Spanish expulsion scattered Sephardic Jews across the Ottoman Empire and North Africa. The Chmielnicki massacres of 1648-1657 drove Polish-Lithuanian survivors westward. Each wave reinforced the psychological reality of impermanence.
The pattern was consistent: initial welcome and integration, followed by economic competition, social tension, scapegoating during crises, and finally expulsion or flight. Jews learned to read the signs, changes in rhetoric, new legal restrictions and shifts in popular sentiment.
The largest Jewish migration occurred between 1880 and 1924, when approximately 2.5 million Eastern European Jews fled to America, driven by economic hardship, legal discrimination and violent pogroms in the Russian Empire. Yet even in the “Golden Land,” the plan B mentality persisted in the first half of the 20th century with the Leo Frank trial and lynching in 1913, university admission quotas and Father Charles Coughlin’s antisemitic radio broadcasts.
The Holocaust represents the catastrophic failure of traditional Jewish survival strategies. European Jews who had navigated centuries of persecution found themselves trapped by the speed, scope and systematic nature of Nazi genocide. Traditional escape routes were blocked, and entire communities were annihilated.
More recently, New York, which is home to the largest Jewish population outside Israel, has witnessed alarming increases in antisemitic incidents in recent years. Orthodox Jews in the borough of Brooklyn face physical attacks, synagogues require security guards, and Jewish students report campus harassment. The sources include white supremacist groups, Black Hebrew Israelite extremists, Islamist radicals and progressive activists who conflate Judaism with Zionism.
European Jewish communities face even more severe challenges. France, for instance, has witnessed steady Jewish emigration, with approximately 50,000 Jews leaving for Israel since 2000. The Toulouse school shooting (2012), the Hyper Cacher supermarket attack (2015), and the murders of Ilan Halimi (2006) and Sarah Halimi (2017) created a climate of fear that statistics cannot capture.
The growth of Islamist extremism has introduced a new variable. Unlike traditional European antisemitism, which was often cyclical and responsive to local conditions, Islamist antisemitism is ideological, imported and connected to global conflicts. It’s less susceptible to integration and education, making it a persistent, long-term threat.
The establishment of the modern-day State of Israel in 1948 altered Jewish history. For the first time since the Second Temple’s destruction, Jews had political sovereignty in their ancestral homeland. They were no longer dependent on host societies’ goodwill or others’ protection.
Early waves of aliyah were driven by ideology or necessity. More recently, these waves increasingly reflect choice—French Jews seeking security, American Jews seeking meaning, Russian Jews seeking opportunity. The absorption of more than a million Jews from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s demonstrated Israel’s capacity to integrate large populations successfully.
For Jews living in Israel, plan B is obsolete not because threats don’t exist, but because this is home in a way Diaspora communities never could be. When rockets fall on Tel Aviv or terrorists attack Jerusalem, Israelis don’t pack their bags. They dig in deeper, improve defenses and reaffirm their commitment to Jewish sovereignty.
This represents a revolutionary change in Jewish psychology. Instead of asking “How long will they let us stay?” Israeli Jews ask, “How can we make this better?” Instead of maintaining portable assets and multiple identities, they invest everything in building a Jewish future in the Jewish homeland.
Many Diaspora Jews today choose stronger connections to Israel, not from fear but from attraction. Some choose aliyah as a positive life choice, wanting their children to grow up as part of the Jewish majority and wanting to contribute to Jewish sovereignty.
Even Jews who never plan to move to Israel benefit from its existence. Knowing that Israel exists provides psychological comfort that their ancestors never had. The anxiety of “What if?” is answered with the knowledge that “we have somewhere to go.”
The existence of Israel means that Jewish survival is no longer dependent on others’ tolerance. Jews can choose their own future, defend their own interests and build their own society. After 2,000 years of asking, “How long can we stay?” Jews can finally say, “We’re home.” And that changes everything.
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'Topics': 'jns-tv,our-middle-east-podcast',
'Writers': 'dan-diker',
'publication_date': '24/2/21',
'article_type': 'JNS TV',
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